Equity funding to drone developers has reached a record $5.5B already this year. More broadly, the drone market is projected to grow from $73.1B in 2024 to $163.6B by 2030, driven by defense spending, more permissive regulations, and AI advances that enable autonomous navigation, real-time object detection, and mission planning without human intervention.

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AI continues to dominate, capturing 50% of venture investment. At the same time, investors are doubling down on hard tech — hardware-focused and capital-intensive technology — driven by surging energy demands from AI, advancements in robotics, and growing defense interest.

Below, we break down the top stories from this quarter’s report, including:

• Funding tops $90B for the third straight quarter, while deal count declines
• Hard tech claims 6 of the top 10 largest deals
• AI companies command funding premiums across sectors
• Regulatory shifts push big tech from M&A to minority investments
• CVC deals hit a 7-year low as the tariff threat looms

We also outline the categories shaping venture dealmaking for the rest of 2025 — including stablecoins, defense tech, quantum, and nuclear energy.

Let’s dive in.

Download the full report to access comprehensive data and charts on the evolving state of venture across sectors, geographies, and more.

Top stories in Q2’25

1. Funding tops $90B for the third straight quarter, while deal count declines

Venture funding reached $94.6B in Q2’25, marking the second-highest quarterly figure since Q2’22 and the third straight quarter to surpass $90B.

While funding dipped slightly from Q1’25, the decline reflects normalization after OpenAI’s $40B raise inflated numbers in Q1. In fact, Q2 remained elevated even as foundation model developers accounted for just 3% of total capital, down from 36% in Q1’25 and 29% in Q4’24. This shift signals a broadening of venture activity beyond foundation models into the broader AI ecosystem and adjacent hard tech sectors.

With this continued momentum, annual funding is projected to reach nearly $440B, a 53% increase from 2024, pointing to a sustained recovery in venture investment.

At the same time, deal volume continues to decline, reflecting greater investor selectivity. Q2 saw just 6,028 deals — the lowest quarterly total since Q4’16. This puts 2025 on pace for around 25,000 deals, or nearly half the volume seen in 2022, even as total funding approaches similar levels.

While investors are pulling back on the number of deals, they’re deploying more capital per investment: the median deal size hit a new high of $3.5M in 2025 YTD. Rising check sizes and falling deal count underscore a shift toward fewer, higher-conviction bets.

2. Hard tech claims 6 of the top 10 largest deals

Six of the 10 largest deals in Q2’25 went to hard tech companies, which are firms building capital-intensive physical products.

CBI customers: Track the highest funding startups in Q2’25

This surge is driven by macro forces such as onshoring initiatives, clean energy investment, and the rise of physical AI, which is enabling new capabilities across robotics, autonomy, and industrial systems.

Mega-rounds ($100M+ deals) spanned multiple sectors:

• Montera Infrastructure: $1.5B for hyperscale data center solutions
• Commonwealth Fusion Systems: $800M for commercial nuclear fusion
• Neuralink: $650M for brain-computer interfaces

Geopolitical tensions are also pushing capital toward defense, where startups are securing large rounds:

• World View: $2.6B for high-altitude aerospace platforms
• Anduril: $2.5B for autonomous defense systems and defense connectivity platforms
• Helsing: $693M for AI-powered defense applications

Across the board, defense tech startups are now commanding a median revenue multiple of 17.4x, edging out AI companies at 17.1x and all other major sectors. This signals high investor confidence and competition, driving premium valuations across the defense tech sector.

With investor appetite moving toward physical infrastructure and embodied AI, the rise of hard tech represents a shift likely to define the next chapter of venture investing.

3. AI companies command funding premiums across sectors

The venture market is experiencing a pronounced “AI premium,” with median deal size for AI companies reaching $4.6M in 2025 — over $1M more than the broader market. 

But the premium isn’t just financial. AI companies also score higher on CB Insights’ Mosaic Score (success probability) and Commercial Maturity (ability to compete and partner) across most sectors, signaling stronger fundamentals and market readiness in the eyes of investors.

AI companies in auto tech — with most focused on autonomous driving — are commanding the highest premium. Their median deal size is $20.6M higher than non-AI auto tech peers, and their average Mosaic score is 99 points greater. This quarter, the largest AI auto tech deal went to Applied Intuition, which raised a $600M Series F round at a $15B valuation.

Robotics and cybersecurity follow closely, with AI firms in those sectors securing median deal sizes $10.7M and $6.4M larger than their non-AI peers.

Team pedigree is further amplifying the premium. Thinking Machines Lab — founded by former OpenAI CTO Mira Murati alongside veterans from OpenAI, Google, Meta, and Mistral AI — raised a record-breaking $2B seed round at a $10B valuation, making it the most valuable seed-stage startup ever. 

The deal reflects an increasingly common “go big or go home” investing mentality, as investors make outsized bets on high-credibility AI teams.

4. Regulatory shifts push big tech from M&A to minority investments

Big tech M&A — which includes M&A from Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, Microsoft, Meta, and Nvidia — is entering a sustained downturn. Annual deal activity is projected to hit just 12 transactions in 2025, a steady decline from 66 deals in 2014. 

US regulatory tightening caused M&A activity to collapse from 30+ deals in 2022 to just 8 deals in 2023 — the steepest single-year decline on record.

CBI customers: Track big tech M&A activity

Big tech companies are adapting by taking large minority stakes, allowing them to circumvent federal antitrust review while still gaining strategic influence and access to key technologies. For example, Meta invested $14.8B in Scale — the largest funding round of Q2’25 — for a 49% stake, as did Microsoft with its recent investments in OpenAI. 

In 2025 YTD, big tech is on pace for 14 corporate minority deals, an increase from levels before the regulatory shift.

Big tech’s shift reflects broader M&A weakness across the market. Global activity has fallen 34% from 3,103 deals in Q1’22 to 2,053 deals in Q2’25, driven by high interest rates that have made financing more expensive and economic uncertainty that has made companies more cautious about acquisitions.

However, acquisitions of AI companies is one area where M&A is increasing. Activity reached record levels in Q2’25 at 177 deals — over double the 5-year quarterly average of 84 deals. This surge reflects companies’ need to acquire AI capabilities quickly rather than build them internally, as AI becomes essential for staying competitive.

While falling interest rates will help smaller deals rebound and provide a modest tailwind to overall M&A activity, we do not expect deal volumes to approach peak years. Big tech and other large corporations will remain constrained by regulatory scrutiny.

We are likely entering a new era where strategic partnerships and minority investments replace traditional M&A as a growth mechanism for major corporations.

5. CVC deals hit a 7-year low as the tariff threat looms

Corporate venture capital dealmaking has reached its lowest point in over 7 years, as CVC-backed investment totaled just $17B across 742 deals, down 8% quarter-over-quarter and representing the weakest performance since Q1’18.

CVC activity has fallen dramatically from its Q1’22 peak due to broader market pressures, including high interest rates and economic uncertainty. Tariff concerns are likely adding further burden to an already weakened market.

Despite fewer deals, median CVC-backed deal sizes have reached their highest levels since 2021. This suggests that CVCs are concentrating capital on fewer, higher-conviction investments.

CVCs are also collaborating more frequently. Deals involving 3+ CVCs reached a record high of 32% in Q2’25, reflecting both strategic necessity and market conditions: larger funding rounds in capital-intensive sectors like AI and hard tech may require multiple corporate partners to provide sufficient capital. At the same time, competition for access to the hottest technologies drives CVCs to team up rather than risk being shut out.

Breakout sectors of 2025

Below, we analyze venture funding across tech sectors to identify where investor conviction and market momentum are strongest.

Stablecoin funding is on pace to shatter its previous record

Stablecoin startups are experiencing an explosive year-over-year funding surge as stablecoins achieve mainstream adoption. Funding is projected to reach $10.2B in 2025, representing more than 10x growth from 2024.

Growing regulatory frameworks worldwide — such as the pending passage of stablecoin legislation in the US with bipartisan support — provide needed certainty for institutional investment, setting the foundation for exponential growth.

Multiple startups are taking advantage of the momentum. While the largest funding rounds occurred during the first quarter — with $2B deals for Avalon Labs and Binance — notable rounds also occurred during Q2’25, including:

• Flowdesk: $100M for digital asset trading and liquidity services
• Conduit: $36M for its cross-border business transactions platform
• Niural: $31M for an AI-enabled stablecoin and fiat payroll platform

Major financial services companies are also increasingly involved. Mastercard, Visa, and established banks are now enabling stablecoin transactions and issuing their own digital currencies, bringing institutional credibility to the space. Meanwhile, stablecoin issuers Circle and Ripple applied for banking licenses on June 30 and July 2, respectively, demonstrating their intent to operate like mainstream financial institutions.

Stablecoins are evolving beyond simple stores of value into yield-bearing tools and liquidity products. Solutions like liquidity mining, lending services, and yield-bearing stablecoins are receiving substantial investor attention. Cross-border payments companies powered by stablecoins are also gaining traction as affordable and accessible USD alternatives in emerging markets.

As regulatory frameworks solidify and institutional adoption accelerates, stablecoin companies are positioned to capture significant market share in global payments and financial infrastructure markets.

Defense tech momentum continues

Within the first two quarters of 2025, defense tech funding has already reached a new annual record of $11.1B.

The funding breakout is driven by multiple forces, including geopolitical instability and technology advancements, notably in drones and other unmanned vehicles.

Concurrently, the US Department of Defense is pushing to diversify the defense ecosystem through public-private partnerships and startup support.

The defense investor landscape is also rapidly evolving, with the number of unique investors in the space expected to increase 34% in 2025 to 950 from 710 the year prior. Traditional defense funds like Shield Capital and In-Q-Tel are now joined by generalist VCs, bringing more capital to fund a new generation of startups.

We expect continued investor interest in defense tech, as NATO recently agreed to increase defense spending from 2% to 5% of GDP by 2035, adding over $400B annually in market expansion. The 1.5% earmarked for security infrastructure aligns with venture trends in AI, cybersecurity, robotics, and technologies developed for both military and civilian use cases.

Quantum tech reaches an all-time high, halfway through the year

Quantum tech is attracting significant investor interest, reaching record annual funding levels at $2.2B within the first two quarters of 2025 — an increase of 69% from 2024.

The surge follows major hardware breakthroughs from Google, IBM, and Microsoft, which may drive confidence in leading startups even though the technology still lacks practical applications that outperform classical systems. Industry leaders like Fujitsu and Quantinuum — a subsidiary of Honeywell — expect fault-tolerant quantum computers by 2030 at the earliest.

Massive investments are flowing towards various quantum applications in 2025 so far:

• PsiQuantum: $750M to build million-qubit photonic quantum computers by 2029
• QuEra Computing: $230M to accelerate fault-tolerant neutral-atom quantum systems
• Multiverse Computing: $215M to scale its quantum-inspired AI compression technology

Government support has also increased, with $1.8B in public funding announced globally in 2024. For example, Australia committed $620M to PsiQuantum, while DARPA committed up to $200M in joint funding to assess the feasibility of industrially useful quantum computers.

As quantum technologies move toward commercial viability, the combination of record private investment, substantial government backing, and technical progress positions the industry for significant growth once practical quantum advantage is achieved in commercial applications.

Corporate interest drives a surge in nuclear energy funding

Funding to nuclear energy companies is projected to reach an annual record by the end of 2025 at $5B. Massive energy requirements for AI data centers — with US data center power consumption projected to triple by 2030 — are driving corporate interest in clean baseload power.

Big tech companies are leading the charge, with investments since 2024 across both small modular reactors (SMRs) and fusion technologies:

• Amazon invested in X-energy with plans to develop over 5 GW of SMR projects by 2039; Amazon also backed Realta Fusion
• Google reached agreements with Kairos Power for up to 500 MW of nuclear power by 2030 and has also invested in Commonwealth Fusion Systems and TAE Technologies.
• Microsoft reached a deal with Constellation Energy to reopen the Three Mile Island nuclear plant, while committing to purchasing fusion electricity from Helion Energy by 2028

Corporate interest has also skyrocketed, with earnings call mentions hitting record levels as executives grapple with the major power requirements for AI infrastructure.

Current and previous presidential administrations have reduced regulatory red tape for nuclear development, streamlining approval processes. The bipartisan approach creates stable regulatory support for long-term investments and should accelerate sector growth in the coming years.

As AI adoption continues, nuclear provides the only scalable solution for clean baseload power that intermittent renewables cannot match for always-on AI computing infrastructure. The combination of massive corporate demand and supportive regulatory frameworks positions nuclear for explosive growth in the years ahead.

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RELATED RESOURCES FROM CB INSIGHTS:

• State of Venture Q1’25 Report
• The AI agent market map
• 7 tech M&A predictions for 2025
• State of AI Report: 6 trends shaping the landscape in 2025
• 15 tech trends to watch closely in 2025

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Its Lattice operating system serves as a digital backbone for autonomous capabilities across land, sea, air, and space domains. Meanwhile, its Arsenal factory platform aims to modernize the defense manufacturing playbook by producing different autonomous systems on demand, potentially slashing production cycles from years to months while reducing costs.

Together, these strategies bring a startup mentality to defense and have helped Anduril reach a potential $28B valuation and $1B in revenue in 2024 — clear signals of traction among investors, government agencies, and global defense firms.

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Initially known for data processing platforms in the defense and government sectors, Palantir has now embedded AI into its core products — AIP, Foundry, Gotham, and Apollo — to provide analytics and intelligence solutions across industries including automotive, defense, healthcare, manufacturing, and supply chain.

We analyzed Palantir’s investments, partnerships, and product moves since Q1’23 using CB Insights data to identify the 4 key areas driving its next chapter of growth — and the companies it’s aligning with to get there.

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Companies are responding by developing solutions like fire surveillance drones to better monitor wildfires, as well as firefighting robots to minimize the severity when they occur. In fact, over 500 US fire departments have already deployed surveillance drones.

To help companies and governments understand the current wildfire tech landscape, we mapped 130 companies across 15 markets. We then organized tech markets by the wildfire lifecycle: 

• Prevention & preparedness: Solutions in this category help forecast extreme weather events — including wildfires — and assess their damage potential. We break this category down into: 1) broader climate & weather risk; and 2) wildfire risk, which includes solutions specifically designed for wildfires.
• Detection & monitoring: These solutions use cameras, sensors, and analytics platforms to detect outbreaks early and track their progression to aid firefighting strategies.
• Firefighting: These technologies — such as drones and robots — support the suppression of wildfires or help create firebreaks to limit their spread.
• Damage assessment: This includes solutions to evaluate the destruction caused by wildfires after they occur.

Please click to enlarge.

To identify players for this market map, we included startups with a Mosaic score of 400 or greater and leading corporations developing wildfire tech. Categories are not mutually exclusive and are not intended to be exhaustive.

Track Mosaic health scores for companies in these markets

Market descriptions

Click the market links below for info on the leading companies, funding, and more.

Prevention & preparedness: Climate & weather risk

Climate & weather financial risk modeling focuses on quantifying the financial impacts of climate change and severe weather events, helping businesses forecast and mitigate monetary losses. Leading companies like Bloomberg and Morningstar serve many industries, from agriculture to insurance to government.

Geospatial analytics analyzes and interprets geographic data (e.g., satellite imagery, GIS) for various industries, providing spatial insights and risk assessments. Startups in this market have raised a combined $508M since 2023 — the most funding of any market in this map.

Weather risk intelligence emphasizes real-time weather monitoring and predictive modeling to reduce operational disruptions and manage day-to-day weather-related risks.

Climate risk intelligence provides deeper analysis of long-term climate change hazards, guiding strategic decision-making and resilience planning for businesses and governments.

Prevention & preparedness: Wildfire risk

Catastrophe modeling simulates large-scale natural disasters (e.g., hurricanes, earthquakes) to estimate potential losses, primarily for insurance and reinsurance purposes.

Wildfire risk intelligence zeroes in on wildfire hazards with analytics and forecasting tools, helping organizations anticipate fire spread and prioritize mitigation. This market has the highest average company Mosaic health score (662 out of 1,000) among wildfire-specific tech markets.

Detection & monitoring

Wildfire detection cameras use specialized imaging (thermal, infrared) to spot fire signatures early and relay alerts from fixed vantage points.

Wildfire detection sensors are ground-based devices that monitor environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, smoke) to detect potential fires in real time.

Fire surveillance drones provide aerial monitoring of wildfires using sensors like thermal imaging, enhancing situational awareness and firefighter safety. Companies in this market typically offer drones for a wider set of applications beyond wildfires. For example, Skydio, which has raised $400M since 2023, serves industries such as industrial inspection and defense, in addition to fire surveillance.

Wildfire detection & monitoring platforms integrate satellite/aerial data, IoT sensors, and AI in a software platform to track and predict wildfire behavior at scale. ICEYE and Pano AI rank as leading startups here, offering solutions for enterprises and governments through platforms that use advanced imaging systems and AI models to predict potential wildfire locations and facilitate real-time detection and monitoring.

Firefighting

Firefighting drones actively suppress fires by delivering water or fire-retardant agents, often equipped with thermal imaging to pinpoint hotspots. This is among the most nascent markets in the map, with 89% of deals since 2023 going to early-stage companies.

Firefighting robots are ground units equipped with sensors and suppression tools (e.g., water cannons), enabling safer and more efficient fire combat in hazardous areas.

Autonomous heavy equipment encompasses self-operating machinery (e.g., bulldozers, loaders) used in construction, mining, or creating firebreaks, reducing human risk.

Damage assessment

Drone inspection & damage assessment uses drones to capture high-resolution imagery of properties for quicker, more accurate insurance claims evaluations.

Aerial & satellite claims assessment leverages imagery from planes or satellites to evaluate property damage — often focused on large-scale or remote loss scenarios.

RELATED RESOURCES FROM CB INSIGHTS:

• Weather risk intelligence funding surges as extreme weather events pile up 
• Wildfires are causing insurers to leave markets. Can wildfire risk analytics reverse this trend? 
• The Aerospace & Space Tech expert collection
• The Insurtech expert collection
• The satellite & geospatial tech market map
• The AI in defense tech market map

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While AI copilots — which work alongside humans to speed up their workflows — currently comprise 90% of company activity, the tech will serve as a stepping stone to more autonomous solutions in the coming years. Eventually, AI agents could manage entire industrial processes, shifting human roles from operational tasks to strategic oversight.

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Our 2025 Tech Trends report provides a concrete roadmap for corporate leaders to navigate some of the most important technology shifts in the year ahead.

We include specific recommendations for action so that business leaders can get ahead of the next wave of value creation.

Here is a selection of key findings from the report:

• AI agents are given money to spend: AI agents’ utility is limited until they can make transactions seamlessly. A small group of tech players is building new infrastructure to make that happen.
• The future data center arrives: With data center power usage expected to more than double by 2026, big tech companies are morphing into energy innovators to support AI workloads. There’s a huge opportunity in improving data centers’ energy efficiency.
• Investment floodgates open for RNA therapeutics: RNA therapeutics developers are pioneering new ways to treat traditionally “undruggable” diseases, with a growing focus on neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s diseases.
• AI M&A fuels the next wave of corporate strategy: AI’s share of corporate tech M&A has doubled since 2020. Tech incumbents like Nvidia, Salesforce, and Snowflake, as well as consultancies like Accenture, are rapidly acquiring AI startups to tap into enterprise demand. 
• Disease management enters a new phase with AI: AI is improving care delivery across 3 key areas of disease management: precise symptom evaluation; testing/screening for earlier disease detection (including before symptoms even appear); and finding at-risk individuals in datasets of entire patient populations. 
• Retail’s personalization imperative: Generative AI is unlocking 1:1 experiences across commerce touchpoints, with leaders like Target seeing a corresponding 3x boost in conversation rates. Personalization will become omnipresent in retailers’ offerings.
• And much more

Methodology

Our analysis relies on a wide range of CB Insights datasets, including financing and acquisition data, valuations, founding team and key people data, earnings transcripts, and more. We also leverage CB Insights’ proprietary scoring algorithms to measure business health (Mosaic) and maturity (Commercial Maturity), as well as the likelihood of acquisition (M&A Probability score). Throughout the report, we provide CB Insights customers with jumping-off points to dig deeper into the data behind the report.

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Essential resources to understand the future of automotive, supply chain, & aerospace tech:

• How AI is reshaping the auto industry — A look at 15 high-momentum technologies across the automotive value chain.

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What you need to know:

• Companies like Joby Aviation, Archer Aviation, Lilium, and Volocopter are nearing eVTOL commercialization, with plans to launch air taxi services as soon as 2025, pending regulatory approvals.

• Regulatory hurdles, infrastructure requirements, and battery efficiency are key challenges that need to be addressed before eVTOLs can become a widespread mode of transportation.

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In 2024 so far, a16z has backed more than 20 AI startups working within disruptive categories. For example, this year, it has invested in several AI-driven copilots and agents designed to automate key workflows in big industries like healthcare and finance. It has also turned its attention to multimedia generation startups expediting the creation of a wide variety of content, from images to videos to audio.

While championing AI’s advancement, the firm also acknowledges associated risks — its founders are proponents of open-source models, arguing that their transparency and accessibility will help ensure that AI is developed in a secure and ethical way. So far this year, the two largest a16z-backed AI deals have gone to open-source large language model (LLM) developers xAI and Mistral AI.

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It’s estimated that robots and other smart machinery will make up as much as one-third of US military presence in the next 15 years, according to Mark Milley, a retired US Army General and former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

Unmanned systems already dominate in some areas — like aerial drones — while significant development is underway in bringing autonomous tech to the ground, ocean surface, and underwater domains.

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Beyond relevance to government agencies, IQT’s investment activity has historically pointed to next-gen technologies that have the potential to be developed for use beyond the public sector.

IQT has participated in over 50 disclosed deals since the beginning of 2022, with many of its investments falling into areas categorized as “deep tech” — cutting-edge technologies rooted in scientific or engineering advances, such as biotech and quantum computing.

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The company has faced multiple high-profile incidents over the past 6 years — including crashes involving its planes and a fuselage blowout. This series of events has resulted in a decline in consumer trust, aggravated airlines, and lost sales to rival Airbus.

Amid these challenges, Boeing has shaken up its corporate leadership and moved to improve its manufacturing quality. For instance, the company is exploring a reintegration with Spirit AeroSystems to help address production flaws.

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New possibilities have emerged thanks to the proliferation of satellite launches — with SpaceX alone conducting a record 98 launches during 2023 — combined with the affordability of drones and advancements in imaging technologies.

This progress opens opportunities for startups and incumbents, helping expand geospatial use cases and capabilities across industries like agriculture, automotive, construction, defense & national security, insurance, manufacturing, mining, oil & gas, and more.

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Despite equity funding to the space dropping 39% YoY to $41B in 2023, deal counts actually ticked up 4% to over 2,700. This was driven by an increase in early-stage deals, which represented 69% of all deals in 2023 — up from 55% in 2022.

To see where climate tech is heading in 2024, we looked at the tech markets with the most early-stage investment activity in 2023:

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Expanding its reach in telecom could enable the company to own not only the content and services it delivers, but also the delivery method itself. Bundling internet access with popular services — such as its Prime membership or its smart home products — could give it a competitive edge over today’s standalone broadband networks and create stickiness with existing customers. It could also attract new customers needing reliable internet access. 

The move into telecommunications would also allow Amazon to collect more data from its customers, creating a flywheel effect with its advertising and retail businesses. 

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Companies offering weather risk intelligence solutions help organizations across industries — such as aerospace, agriculture, construction, government, insurance, and logistics — better assess and manage the risk of these weather events to ensure operational continuity and protect their assets. These solutions make use of AI, advanced analytics, and forecasting models, and they’re catching the eyes of investors.

Tomorrow.io recently raised an $87M Series E round after launching its second weather satellite into space. Five other weather intelligence companies — ClimateAi, Reask, Truweather Solutions, Salient, and PlanetIQ — have also raised funding in 2023 so far.

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For example, Astranis — a startup in the space — recently achieved a significant milestone by launching a low-cost satellite into geosynchronous orbit (which is much further out than Starlink’s constellation and normally requires significantly more expensive equipment to operate in) and successfully establishing a link to a remote part of Alaska.

In this brief, we look at the competitive landscape and assess the current state of the satellite market, focusing on:

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It is now cheaper than ever to send satellites into orbit, in part thanks to SpaceX‘s innovations, which have helped bring the price of launching rockets down by 10x vs. a decade ago.

At the same time, satellite technology continues to improve. Today’s satellites feature better imaging systems, more powerful sensors, and faster data processing than ever before.

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DroneUp, a leader in the drone delivery space, announced company layoffs last week. While the company attributes the cuts to its strategic shift toward the consumer market (and away from other services like mapping, photography, and surveying), it still signals some of the industry’s growing pains.

On the one hand, numerous startups have established major commercial partnerships — DroneUp, Zipline, and Flytrex have all inked deals with Walmart, for one — and a handful of players have recently secured significant funding.

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But soaring costs and regulatory uncertainty have prevented these companies from fully commercializing their solutions, even with consolidation in the space. Former market leader Argo AI even shut down in October, despite billion-dollar investments from Ford and Volkswagen.

Most recently, GM’s Cruise reported disappointing numbers, losing $561M in Q1’23 on $30M in revenue. The results fuel growing concerns around the viability of robotaxis.

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But the company’s interests extend far beyond aerospace — and many of its focus areas cut across industries. For instance, Lockheed has invested heavily in developing advanced manufacturing capabilities and is also quickly expanding its space-based communications offerings. Meanwhile, advances in AI and leveraging next-gen computer chips are also set to play key roles across many of its business lines.

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Gone are the days when governments were the only players involved in space exploration. In the last decade, private companies like Elon Musk-led SpaceX have driven dramatic declines in launch costs, fueling an explosion of activity: 2022 saw a record 180 rockets launch into orbit, with 61 coming from SpaceX.

Innovation and cost reduction in space tech have also unleashed new opportunities on Earth, from expanding internet access to redefining military operations. Competition is heating up, not only between aerospace players, but also from non-traditional players like Amazon, which recently got the green light from the FCC for its Project Kuiper satellite constellation.

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